Synthesis, In Silico Studies, and Evaluation of Syn and Anti Isomers of <i>N</i>-Substituted Indole-3-carbaldehyde Oxime Derivatives as Urease Inhibitors against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>

Abstract

Gastrointestinal tract infection caused by Helicobacter pylori is a common virulent disease found worldwide, and the infection rate is much higher in developing countries than in developed ones. In the pathogenesis of H. pylori in the gastrointestinal tract, the secretion of the urease enzyme plays a major role. Therefore, inhibition of urease is a better approach against H. pylori infection. In the present study, a series of syn and anti isomers of N-substituted indole-3-carbaldehyde oxime derivatives was synthesized via Schiff base reaction of appropriate carbaldehyde derivatives with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The in vitro urease inhibitory activities of those derivatives were evaluated against that of Macrotyloma uniflorum urease using the modified Berthelot reaction. Out of the tested compounds, compound 8 (IC50 = 0.0516 ± 0.0035 mM) and compound 9 (IC50 = 0.0345 ± 0.0008 mM) were identified as the derivatives with potent urease inhibitory activity with compared to thiourea (IC50 = 0.2387 ± 0.0048 mM). Additionally, in silico studies for all oxime compounds were performed to investigate the binding interactions with the active site of the urease enzyme compared to thiourea. Furthermore, the drug-likeness of the synthesized oxime compounds was also predicted.

Keywords

• <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
• urease inhibitors
• indole-3-carbaldehyde oximes
• isomerization
• molecular docking