PLoS ONE (Jan 2020)

The effectiveness and safety of computed tomographic peritoneography and video-assisted thoracic surgery for hydrothorax in peritoneal dialysis patients: A retrospective cohort study in Japan.

  • Naoya Matsuoka,
  • Makoto Yamaguchi,
  • Akimasa Asai,
  • Keisuke Kamiya,
  • Hiroshi Kinashi,
  • Takayuki Katsuno,
  • Takaaki Kobayashi,
  • Hirofumi Tamai,
  • Takatoshi Morinaga,
  • Takaaki Obayashi,
  • Kichio Nakabayashi,
  • Shigehisa Koide,
  • Michimasa Nakanishi,
  • Katsushi Koyama,
  • Yasuhiro Suzuki,
  • Takuji Ishimoto,
  • Masashi Mizuno,
  • Yasuhiko Ito

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238602
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15, no. 9
p. e0238602

Abstract

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IntroductionAlbeit uncommon, hydrothorax is an important complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Due to paucity of evidence for optimal treatment, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of computed tomographic (CT) peritoneography and surgical intervention involving video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for hydrothorax in a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent PD in Japan.MethodsOf the 982 patients who underwent PD from six centers in Japan between 2007 and 2019, 25 (2.5%) with diagnosed hydrothorax were enrolled in this study. PD withdrawal rates were compared between patients who underwent VATS for diaphragm repair (surgical group) and those who did not (non-surgical group) using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.ResultsThe surgical and non-surgical groups comprised a total of 11 (44%) and 14 (56%) patients, respectively. Following hydrothorax diagnosis by thoracentesis and detection of penetrated sites on the diaphragm using CT peritoneography, VATS was performed at a median time of 31 days (interquartile range [IQR], 20-96 days). During follow-up (median, 26 months; IQR, 10-51 months), 9 (64.3%) and 2 (18.2%) patients in the non-surgical and surgical groups, respectively, withdrew from PD (P = 0.021). There were no surgery-related complications or hydrothorax relapse in the surgical group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of CT peritoneography and VATS for hydrothorax. This approach may be useful in hydrothorax cases to avoid early drop out of PD and continue PD in the long term. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results.