slc26a12—A novel member of the slc26 family, is located in tandem with slc26a2 in coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and birds

Abstract

Abstract Solute carrier family 26 (Slc26) is a family of anion exchangers with 11 members in mammals (named Slc26a1‐a11). Here, we identified a novel member of the slc26 family, slc26a12, located in tandem with slc26a2 in the genomes of several vertebrate lineages. BLAST and synteny analyses of various jawed vertebrate genome databases revealed that slc26a12 is present in coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and birds but not in cartilaginous fishes, lungfish, mammals, or ray‐finned fishes. In some avian and reptilian lineages such as owls, penguins, egrets, and ducks, and most turtles examined, slc26a12 was lost or pseudogenized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Slc26a12 formed an independent branch with the other Slc26 members and Slc26a12, Slc26a1 and Slc26a2 formed a single branch, suggesting that these three members formed a subfamily in Slc26. In jawless fish, hagfish have two genes homologous to slc26a2 and slc26a12, whereas lamprey has a single gene homologous to slc26a2. African clawed frogs express slc26a12 in larval gills, skin, and fins. These results show that slc26a12 was present at least before the separation of lobe‐finned fish and tetrapods; the name slc26a12 is appropriate because the gene duplication occurred in the distant past.

Keywords

• evolution
• gene loss
• pseudogenization
• Slc26a12
• Slc26a2