Heliyon (Jan 2021)
Understanding the implications of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections on immune response milieu, laboratory tests and control measures against COVID-19
- Jelili Olaide Mustapha,
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi,
- Odunayo O.R. Ajagbe,
- Anthony Uchenna Emeribe,
- Samuel Ayobami Fasogbon,
- Solomon Oloche Onoja,
- Charles Egede Ugwu,
- Chikodi Modesta Umeozuru,
- Folake Olubunmi Ajayi,
- Wudi Natasha Tanko,
- Pius Omoruyi Omosigho,
- Abdulmumuni Samuel Aliyu,
- Halima Ali Shuwa,
- Justin Onyebuchi Nwofe,
- Amos Dangana,
- Ovye Alaba,
- Peter Elisha Ghamba,
- Yakubu Ibrahim,
- Dorcas Aliyu,
- Olawale Sunday Animasaun,
- Nkechi Blessing Ugboaja,
- Mala Alhaji Baba Mallam,
- Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar,
- Maijidda Saidu Aminu,
- Hadiza Yahaya,
- Silifat Oyewusi
Affiliations
- Jelili Olaide Mustapha
- Medical Microbiology Unit, Medical Laboratory Services Department, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Corresponding author.
- Odunayo O.R. Ajagbe
- Solina Center for International Development and Research (SCIDaR), Abuja, Nigeria
- Anthony Uchenna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Samuel Ayobami Fasogbon
- Public Health In-vitro Diagnostic Control Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
- Solomon Oloche Onoja
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Charles Egede Ugwu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Chikodi Modesta Umeozuru
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
- Folake Olubunmi Ajayi
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
- Wudi Natasha Tanko
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
- Pius Omoruyi Omosigho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
- Abdulmumuni Samuel Aliyu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Halima Ali Shuwa
- Department of Community Health, University Health Service, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
- Justin Onyebuchi Nwofe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Amos Dangana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
- Ovye Alaba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
- Peter Elisha Ghamba
- WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Yakubu Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Dorcas Aliyu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Olawale Sunday Animasaun
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
- Nkechi Blessing Ugboaja
- Department of Strategic Information and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
- Mala Alhaji Baba Mallam
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, Maradi, Nigeria
- Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Maijidda Saidu Aminu
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, Maradi, Nigeria
- Hadiza Yahaya
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, Maradi, Nigeria
- Silifat Oyewusi
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, Maradi, Nigeria
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 7,
no. 1
p. e05951
Abstract
Several months after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), cases of re-infection after recovery were reported. The extent and duration of protective immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood. As such, the possibility of re-infection with SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, cases of re-infection were mainly due to different variants or mutant SARS-CoV-2. Following the fast and pandemic-scale spread of COVID-19, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 have raised new diagnostic challenges which include the redesign of the oligonucleotide sequences used in RT-PCR assays to avoid potential primer–sample mismatches, and decrease sensitivities. Since the initial wave of the pandemic, some regions had experienced fresh outbreaks, predisposing people to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 re-infection. Hence, this article sought to offer detailed biology of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections and their implications on immune response milieu, diagnostic laboratory tests and control measures against COVID-19.
