BMJ Open (Mar 2021)
Prospective observational study of SARS-CoV-2 infection, transmission and immunity in a cohort of households in Liverpool City Region, UK (COVID-LIV): a study protocol
- ,
- Enitan D Carrol,
- Daniel Hungerford,
- Neil French,
- Mark Gabbay,
- Tom Solomon,
- Carrol Gamble,
- Laura Marsh,
- Nigel A Cunliffe,
- Tracy Moitt,
- Christopher Jones,
- Roberto Vivancos,
- John S P Tulloch,
- Miren Iturriza-Gómara,
- Chloe Donohue,
- Iain Buchan,
- William Greenhalf,
- Lance Turtle,
- Stephen Aston,
- Milton Ashworth,
- Laura Booth,
- Katie Bullock,
- Terry Foster,
- Joanna Middleton,
- William Reynolds,
- Victoria E Shaw,
- Eve Wilcock,
- Jane Armstrong,
- Susan Dobson,
- Ashley P Jones,
- Wega Setiabudi,
- Krishanthi Subramaniam,
- Natasha Marcella Vaselli,
- Moon Wilton,
- Gareth Platt,
- Dean J Naisbitt,
- Emily R Adams,
- Lynnette Crossley,
- Neil Joseph,
- Lee D Troughton,
- Samantha Kilada,
- Katharine Abba,
- Victoria Simpson,
- Lynsey Goodwin,
- Rachael Daws,
- Shiva S Forootan,
- Rachel Press,
- Vida Spaine,
- Lesley Hands,
- Kate Bradfield,
- Carol McNally,
- Silviya Balabanova,
- Lynsey Finnetty,
- Paul J Thomson,
- Monday Ogese,
- Sean Hammond,
- Kareena Adair,
- Liam Farrell,
- Joshua Gardner,
- Kanoot Jaruthamsophon,
- Serat-E Ali,
- Adam Lister,
- Benjamin W A Catterall,
- Lara Lavelle-Langham,
- Emily Cass,
- Alejandra Doce Carracedo,
- Lianne Davies,
- Lisa Flaherty,
- Melanie Oates,
- Nicole Maziere,
- Jennifer Lloyd,
- Hannah Massey,
- Anthony Holmes,
- Nicola Carlucci,
- Vanessa Brammah,
- Yasmyn Ramos,
- Daniel Allen,
- Debbie Howarth,
- Jena Lowe,
- Jayne Jones,
- Paula Wright,
- Iain Slack,
- Simone McLaughlin,
- Jessica Mason,
- Thomas Edwards,
- Claudia McKeown,
- Elysse Hendrick,
- Chris Williams,
- Rachel Byrne,
- Kate Buist,
- Gala Garrod,
- Sophie Owen,
- Efstathia Gkioni
Affiliations
- 3University College London
- Enitan D Carrol
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Daniel Hungerford
- NIHR postdoctoral fellow
- Neil French
- 1 Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Mark Gabbay
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Tom Solomon
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Carrol Gamble
- Laura Marsh
- Nigel A Cunliffe
- professor of medical microbiology
- Tracy Moitt
- Liverpool Clinical Trial Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Christopher Jones
- 2Sports and Wellbeing Analytics, Swansea, UK
- Roberto Vivancos
- Field Service, UKHSA, London, UK
- John S P Tulloch
- HPRU EZI, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Miren Iturriza-Gómara
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Chloe Donohue
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Iain Buchan
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- William Greenhalf
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Lance Turtle
- 1 Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Stephen Aston
- 3 Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Milton Ashworth
- Laura Booth
- St Mary’s Hospice, Ulverston, UK
- Katie Bullock
- Terry Foster
- Joanna Middleton
- William Reynolds
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Victoria E Shaw
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Eve Wilcock
- Jane Armstrong
- Susan Dobson
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK
- Ashley P Jones
- 9 Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre (LCTC), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Wega Setiabudi
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Krishanthi Subramaniam
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Natasha Marcella Vaselli
- 1 General Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- Moon Wilton
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Gareth Platt
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Dean J Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Emily R Adams
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Lynnette Crossley
- Neil Joseph
- Lee D Troughton
- Samantha Kilada
- Katharine Abba
- Victoria Simpson
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Gastroenterology department, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Lynsey Goodwin
- Rachael Daws
- Shiva S Forootan
- Rachel Press
- Vida Spaine
- Lesley Hands
- Kate Bradfield
- Carol McNally
- Silviya Balabanova
- Lynsey Finnetty
- Paul J Thomson
- Monday Ogese
- Sean Hammond
- 1 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Kareena Adair
- Liam Farrell
- general practitioner, Crossmaglen, County Armagh
- Joshua Gardner
- 1 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Kanoot Jaruthamsophon
- Serat-E Ali
- 1 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Adam Lister
- Benjamin W A Catterall
- Lara Lavelle-Langham
- Emily Cass
- Alejandra Doce Carracedo
- Lianne Davies
- Lisa Flaherty
- Melanie Oates
- Nicole Maziere
- Jennifer Lloyd
- Hannah Massey
- Anthony Holmes
- Nicola Carlucci
- Vanessa Brammah
- Yasmyn Ramos
- Daniel Allen
- Debbie Howarth
- Jena Lowe
- Jayne Jones
- Paula Wright
- Iain Slack
- Simone McLaughlin
- Jessica Mason
- Thomas Edwards
- Claudia McKeown
- Elysse Hendrick
- Chris Williams
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
- Rachel Byrne
- 2South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
- Kate Buist
- Gala Garrod
- Sophie Owen
- Efstathia Gkioni
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048317
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11,
no. 3
Abstract
Introduction The emergence and rapid spread of COVID-19 have caused widespread and catastrophic public health and economic impact, requiring governments to restrict societal activity to reduce the spread of the disease. The role of household transmission in the population spread of SARS-CoV-2, and of host immunity in limiting transmission, is poorly understood. This paper describes a protocol for a prospective observational study of a cohort of households in Liverpool City Region, UK, which addresses the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between household members and how immunological response to the infection changes over time.Methods and analysis Households in the Liverpool City Region, in which members have not previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with a nucleic acid amplification test, are followed up for an initial period of 12 weeks. Participants are asked to provide weekly self-throat and nasal swabs and record their activity and presence of symptoms. Incidence of infection and household secondary attack rates of COVID-19 are measured. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 will be investigated against a range of demographic and behavioural variables. Blood and faecal samples are collected at several time points to evaluate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevalence and risk factors for faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2, respectively.Ethics and dissemination The study has received approval from the National Health Service Research Ethics Committee; REC Reference: 20/HRA/2297, IRAS Number: 283 464. Results will be disseminated through scientific conferences and peer-reviewed open access publications. A report of the findings will also be shared with participants. The study will quantify the scale and determinants of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, immunological responses before and during the different stages of infection will be analysed, adding to the understanding of the range of immunological response by infection severity.
