Assessment of COVID-19 patients’ outcome based on clinical profile, laboratory parameters, and clinical management: A retrospective observational study

Abstract

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented an unprecedented challenge to the global healthcare system, prompting an urgent need to understand the factors influencing patient outcomes. Critical to improving treatment protocols and reducing mortality rates is an in-depth assessment of the clinical profile, laboratory findings, and management strategies employed in treating COVID-19 patients. This research provides valuable insights that could influence future therapeutic approaches and public health strategies, ultimately aiming to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. The study aimed to assess mortality predictors in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19. Methods This study employed a retrospective approach, utilizing patient data from medical records. The collected data encompassed demographic and clinical profiles and details regarding the duration of admission and treatment. The evaluation focused on patients admitted to the ICU for COVID-19 between March 2020 and July 2021, with confirmation through real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rigorous statistical analysis was conducted to compare outcomes between discharged and deceased patients. Results The study included a total of 202 ICU patients admitted for COVID-19. Among the cases, 147 (72.8%) were males and 55 (27.2%) were females. The mean age was 58.42 years, with a standard deviation of 15.59 years. Fever (92%) emerged as the most frequently encountered symptom, followed by cough (48.5%) and dyspnea (35%). Patients with underlying comorbidities exhibited a higher susceptibility to developing a severe or critical disease. Hypertension (n = 38) was identified as the most prevalent comorbidity, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 36). Hypertension has demonstrated a significant association with disease outcomes. Body temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and mechanical ventilation played substantial roles in patient outcomes. Conclusion The study revealed that underlying comorbidities and complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), were linked to significantly higher mortality rates among COVID-19 patients. Abnormal laboratory parameters also exhibited significant differences in the outcomes of ICU patients.

Keywords

• comorbidities
• covid-19
• intensive care unit
• mortality predictors
• respiratory distress