Wpływ zróżnicowanego nawożenia azotem i ochrony chemicznej na wybrane parametry jakościowe ziarna pszenicy twardej (Triticum durum Desf.)

Abstract

Grain quality traits of four durum wheat lines (Triticum durum Desf.) – LGR 899/62a, LGR 1359/8, LGR 896/23, LGR 899/17a and cultivar of common wheat – Sigma were examined. Wheat was cultivated at two levels of nitrogen fertilization (90 kg N ha-1 i 180 kg N ha-1) and two levels of chemical protection (minimum and intensive). The field experiment was carried out in 1999–2001. The examined traits included: 1000-grain weight, protein and wet gluten content, grain vitreousness, falling number, and carotenoids content. The results showed that the studied lines of durum wheat fulfilled elementary quality parameters which pasta industry needs: high protein and gluten content, high vitreousness or sufficient values of falling number. The grains are characterized by rather low carotenoids content. A high dose of nitrogen fertilization resulted in higher protein and gluten content and grain vitreousness, but the use of 180 kg N ha-1 had no influence on other quality traits or this influence was unfavourable thus this does not justify so high nitrogen supply in durum wheat cultivation. The application of intensive chemical protection affected the increase of 1000-grain weight but full plant protection significantly decreased falling number values of the studied lines.