Safety and Efficacy of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases and Serum Antibody Changes Post-Omicron Variant Infection

Abstract

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine has a similar effectiveness and safety profile in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Between August 10, 2021 and September 30, 2021, 134 HCs and 269 patients with RMDs were recruited. All participants who tested negative for COVID-19 were vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine. Next, 150 patients with RMDs and 30 HCs infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant within the previous 12 weeks were recruited between February 20, 2023 and March 1, 2023. Serum samples were collected from each participant, and the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 were determined using a chemiluminescence assay. Results No statistically significant difference was found in the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies, or in the incidence of vaccination-related adverse events between the RMD and HC groups (P = 0.183, P = 0.903, and P = 0.27, respectively). Serum IgG titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were significantly higher in patients who received two or more doses of inactivated vaccine than in patients who were unvaccinated or had received one dose of vaccine (244.36 ± 109.79 vs. 66.20 ± 82.50; P < 0.001). Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines have similar protective effects in HCs and patients with RMDs, with an appreciable safety profile. Fully vaccinated patients with RMDs infected with the Omicron variant were able to produce effective neutralizing antibody concentrations.

Keywords

• Rheumatic diseases
• Musculoskeletal diseases
• SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
• Serum antibodies
• Adverse events
• Omicron variant