Pathogens (Nov 2024)

Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance and Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Isolates from Nosocomial Patients in Aguascalientes, Mexico

  • Ana S. Tapia-Cornejo,
  • Flor Y. Ramírez-Castillo,
  • Alma L. Guerrero-Barrera,
  • Diana E. Guillen-Padilla,
  • José M. Arreola-Guerra,
  • Mario González-Gámez,
  • Francisco J. Avelar-González,
  • Abraham Loera-Muro,
  • Eduardo Hernández-Cuellar,
  • Carmen L. Ramos-Medellín,
  • Cesar Adame-Álvarez,
  • Ricardo García-Romo,
  • Fabiola Galindo-Guerrero,
  • Adriana C. Moreno-Flores

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110992
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 11
p. 992

Abstract

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, which are related to substantial morbidity and mortality. The incidence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) determinants has been previously reported in this bacterium. However, there is limited information regarding the presence of PMQR and carbapenemase-encoding genes simultaneously. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of these determinants on P. aeruginosa strain isolated from clinical patients in the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Fifty-two P. aeruginosa isolates from nosocomial patients were collected from Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo. This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a single center. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the Vitek-2 system. Only carbapenem-resistant isolates were included in this study. Carbapenemase-encoding genes and PMQR determinants were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Resistance rates of 100% were found on tigecycline and ceftriaxone. Of the 52 isolates, 34.6% were positive for the qnr genes, 46.2% for the oqxA gene, and 25% for the aac-(6′)-lb gene. The most frequent carbapenemase genes found in the samples were blaOXA-51 (42.3%), blaOXA-1 (15.4%), and blaVIM (15.4%). blaOXA-51 co-carrying oqxA was detected in 21.1% of the isolates, blaOXA-51 co-carrying aac-(6’)-lb in 11.5%, blaVIM co-carrying aac-(6′)-lb in 3.8%, and blaKPC co-carrying oqxA in 5.8%. Systematic surveillance to detect carbapenemase-encoding genes and PMQR determinants, and rational prescription using the last-line drugs could help in preventing the dissemination of multidrug-resistant determinants.

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