水产油脂的加工及营养、安全研究进展Progress on processing, nutrition and safety of aquatic oil

Abstract

随着我国“蓝色粮仓”战略的提出，水产品的营养及相关研究日益得到人们关注。除了作为优质蛋白质来源，许多水产品还富含油脂，特别是其油脂中含有对人体生理与健康有重要作用的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）等长链多不饱和脂肪酸。水产油脂具有较高的营养价值，如磷虾油和微藻油开发前景广阔。但水产油脂极易氧化，其提取和生产加工工艺对其品质均有重要影响。重点围绕水产油脂的提取、精炼和DHA、EPA富集工艺进行综述，分析了不同方法的优缺点以及工业化生产的可行性。介绍了水产油脂的营养、安全，以及提高其氧化稳定性的方法。水产油脂资源的开发利用已成为必然趋势，水产油脂类产品将会更加多元化。 With the proposal of the "blue granary" strategy in China, the nutrition and related research of aquatic products have attracted more and more attention. In addition to being a source of high-quality protein, many aquatic products are also rich in oil, especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which play an important role in human physiology and health. Aquatic oil has high nutritional value, for example krill oil and microalgae oil have broad prospects for development. However, aquatic oil is easy to be oxidized, and its extraction and processing technology have an important impact on its quality. The extraction and refining of aquatic oil and the enrichment of DHA and EPA were reviewed, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and the feasibility of applying them to industrial production were also analyzed. The nutrition and safety of aquatic oil, as well as the methods to improve the oxidative stability of aquatic oil were introduced. The development and utilization of aquatic oil resources has become an inevitable trend, and aquatic oil products will be more diversified.

Keywords

• 水产油脂；多不饱和脂肪酸；营养；提取方法；抗氧化
• aquatic oil; polyunsaturated fatty acid; nutrition; extraction method; antioxidation