Biotechnologia Acta (Feb 2015)
INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL SURFACTANTS ON THE GROWTH OF LEGUMES
Abstract
The influence of biogenic surfactants — rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids — on the growth of legumes was investigated. Rhamnolipid surfactants — product of biosynthesis of Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 strain were extracted by Folch mixture from the culture liquid supernatant and trehalose lipid surfactants — from biomass of R. erythropolis Aс-50 strain. Вiocomplex PS, which is a mixture of rhamnolipids and polysaccharides was precipitated from culture liquid supernatantof Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 strain with acidification to pH 3. Seeds of alfalfa and winter vetch were treated before sowing with solutions of biosurfactants or with appropriate culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and were grown in vessels in the sand culture conditions. The influence of rhamnolipids and indoleacetic acid on rhizogenesis was set in the biotest with beans cuttings. The optimal concentration of biosurfactants (0.01 g/l) was determined for pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa and winter vetch seeds, which promoted the growth of their aboveground mass by 16–20%. It was shown that treatment of seeds by biosurfactants improved the efficiency of winter vetch seeds inoculation by biopreparation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms: an aboveground plant mass increased by 34%. It was shown that soaking of beans cuttings in a mixture of biocomplex PS and indoleacetic acid increased the number of formed roots on 26.7% and their weight — on 19.2% compared with the control which was indoleacetic acid. It was shown that biogenic surfactants (rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids) stimulated the growth of legumes (alfalfa, vetch), contributed to the increase of vegetative mass and stimulated the formation of symbiosis of winter vetch with bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. It was determined that one of the mechanisms of biosurfactant influence on the plant growth was improving the efficiency of phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid.
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