The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Early-time Observations of SN 2023wrk: A Luminous Type Ia Supernova with Significant Unburned Carbon in the Outer Ejecta
- Jialian Liu,
- Xiaofeng Wang,
- Cristina Andrade,
- Pierre-Alexandre Duverne,
- Jujia Zhang,
- Liping Li,
- Zhenyu Wang,
- Felipe Navarete,
- Andrea Reguitti,
- Stefan Schuldt,
- Yongzhi Cai,
- Alexei V. Filippenko,
- Yi Yang,
- Thomas G. Brink,
- WeiKang Zheng,
- Ali Esamdin,
- Abdusamatjan Iskandar,
- Chunhai Bai,
- Jinzhong Liu,
- Xin Li,
- Maokai Hu,
- Gaici Li,
- Wenxiong Li,
- Xiaoran Ma,
- Shengyu Yan,
- Jun Mo,
- Christophe Adami,
- Dalya Akl,
- Sarah Antier,
- Eric Broens,
- Jean-Grégoire Ducoin,
- Eslam Elhosseiny,
- Thomas M. Esposito,
- Michael Freeberg,
- Priyadarshini Gokuldass,
- Patrice Hello,
- Sergey Karpov,
- Isabel Márquez,
- Martin Mašek,
- Oleksandra Pyshna,
- Yodgor Rajabov,
- Denis Saint-Gelais,
- Marc Serrau,
- Oleksii Sokoliuk,
- Ali Takey,
- Manasanun Tanasan,
- Damien Turpin
Affiliations
- Jialian Liu
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Xiaofeng Wang
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Cristina Andrade
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Pierre-Alexandre Duverne
- ORCiD
- Université Paris Cité , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Jujia Zhang
- Yunnan Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory , Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China
- Liping Li
- Yunnan Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory , Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China
- Zhenyu Wang
- Yunnan Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory , Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Felipe Navarete
- ORCiD
- SOAR Telescope/NSF’s NOIRLab Avda Juan Cisternas 1500 , 1700000 La Serena, Chile
- Andrea Reguitti
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy; INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Stefan Schuldt
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy; INAF—IASF Milano , via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Yongzhi Cai
- ORCiD
- Yunnan Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory , Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China
- Alexei V. Filippenko
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Yi Yang
- Physics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Thomas G. Brink
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- WeiKang Zheng
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Ali Esamdin
- ORCiD
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
- Abdusamatjan Iskandar
- ORCiD
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Chunhai Bai
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
- Jinzhong Liu
- ORCiD
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
- Xin Li
- ORCiD
- Beijing Planetarium , Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
- Maokai Hu
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Gaici Li
- Physics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Wenxiong Li
- ORCiD
- Natioal Astronomical Observatories of China , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
- Xiaoran Ma
- Physics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Shengyu Yan
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Jun Mo
- Physics Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]
- Christophe Adami
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- Dalya Akl
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, American University of Sharjah , Sharjah, UAE
- Sarah Antier
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, France
- Eric Broens
- ORCiD
- KNC, Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde , Balen-Neetlaan 18A, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
- Jean-Grégoire Ducoin
- CPPM, Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- Eslam Elhosseiny
- ORCiD
- National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) , 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
- Thomas M. Esposito
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Michael Freeberg
- ORCiD
- KNC, AAVSO, Hidden Valley Observatory (HVO) , Colfax, WI 54730, USA; iTelescope, Utah Desert Remote Observatory , Beryl Junction, UT 84714, USA
- Priyadarshini Gokuldass
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University , Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
- Patrice Hello
- IJCLab, Univ Paris-Saclay , CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
- Sergey Karpov
- ORCiD
- CEICO, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2, CZ-182 21 Praha, Czech Republic
- Isabel Márquez
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC) , Glorieta de la Astronomía, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Martin Mašek
- ORCiD
- FZU—Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, CZ-182 21 Praha, Czech Republic
- Oleksandra Pyshna
- The Astronomical observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Ukraine
- Yodgor Rajabov
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute , Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Astronomy Str. 33, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
- Denis Saint-Gelais
- KNC, Sociedad Astronomica Queretana , Mexico, RAPAS Observatoire de Paris, France, Le club des Astronome Amateur de Rosemère du Québec, Canada
- Marc Serrau
- ORCiD
- KNC, Société Astronomique de France , Observatoire de Dauban, F-04150 Banon, France
- Oleksii Sokoliuk
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Observatorna Str. 3, Kyiv, 04053, Ukraine; Main Astronomical Observatory of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , 27 Acad. Zabolotnoho Str., Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
- Ali Takey
- ORCiD
- National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) , 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
- Manasanun Tanasan
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) , 260, Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
- Damien Turpin
- ORCiD
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6600
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 973,
no. 2
p. 117
Abstract
We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of the nearby Type Ia supernova (SN) 2023wrk at a distance of about 40 Mpc. The earliest detection of this SN can be traced back to a few hours after the explosion. Within the first few days, the light curve shows a bump feature, while the B − V color is blue and remains nearly constant. The overall spectral evolution is similar to that of an SN 1991T/SN 1999aa-like SN Ia, while the C ii λ 6580 absorption line appears to be unusually strong in the first spectrum taken at t ≈ −15.4 days after the maximum light. This carbon feature disappears quickly in subsequent evolution but it reappears at around the time of peak brightness. The complex evolution of the carbon line and the possible detection of Ni iii absorption around 4700 Å and 5300 Å in the earliest spectra indicate macroscopic mixing of fuel and ash. The strong carbon lines are likely related to the collision of SN ejecta with unbound carbon, consistent with the predictions of pulsational delayed-detonation or carbon-rich circumstellar-matter interaction models. Among those carbon-rich SNe Ia with strong C ii λ 6580 absorption at very early times, the line-strength ratio of C ii to Si ii and the B − V color evolution are found to exhibit large diversity, which may be attributed to different properties of unbound carbon and outward-mixing ^56 Ni.
Keywords
