International Journal of Nanomedicine (Oct 2020)
Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Aided Materials in Combating Microbial Resistance and Functioning as Antibiotics Substitutes
Abstract
Muhammad Usman Munir,1,2 Arsalan Ahmed,3 Muhammad Usman,4 Sajal Salman5 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; 2Nanobiotech Group, Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; 3Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; 4Department of Physics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan; 5Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, PakistanCorrespondence: Muhammad Usman MunirDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 54 098 0396Email [email protected]: The ongoing escalation of drug-resistant bacteria creates the leading challenges for human health. Current predictions show that deaths due to bacterial illness will be more in comparison to cancer in 2050. Irrational use of antibiotics, prolonged regimen and using as a prophylactic treatment for various infections are leading cause of microbial resistance. It is an emerging approach to introduce evolving nanomaterials (NMs) as a base of antibacterial therapy to overcome the bacterial resistance pattern. NMs can implement several bactericidal ways and turn into a challenge for bacteria to survive and develop resistance against NMs. All the pathways depend on the surface chemistry, shape, core material and size of NMs. Because of these reasons, NMs based stuff shows a critical role in advancing the treatment efficiency by interacting with the cellular system of bacteria and functioned as an antibiotic substitute. We divided this review into two sections. The first part highlights the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics and their mechanisms. The second section details the NMs mechanisms to combat antibiotic resistance. In short, we try to summarize the advances in NMs role to deal with microbial resistance and giving solution as antibiotics substitute.Keywords: antibacterial materials, multidrug resistance, metallic nanoparticles, antibacterial effect, microbial resistance mechanism, bacterial biofilm, antibiotic substitute
