“(Not) knowing what you know”: Exploring educators’ perceptions of critical thinking in occupational therapy

Abstract

Background Critical thinking is key for responsible occupational therapy practice. However, the degree to which educators understand critical thinking and the conceptualizations of such concept in teaching remains unclear.Aim This study aimed to describe occupational therapy educators’ perceptions and experiences of teaching critical thinking.Material and Methods Social constructivism underpins the study. Eight participants were included in three online synchronous focus groups. One participant was interviewed in person due to time constraints. Data were analysed using content analysis.Results This study reveals a considerable diversity of perceptions and experiences of ambiguity regarding educators’ perceptions of what they know about and how to teach critical thinking. Most educators interpret critical thinking in ways that differs from their colleagues. Furthermore, educators encounter divergent expectations pertaining to their role as educators and the readiness of their students.Conclusions This study reveal a paradox within the occupational therapy profession, where critical thinking is highly valued yet educators experience ambiguity, differing expectations of their role, time constraints, and lack of formal education to support students’ development of critical thinking.Significance This study provides the foundation for further inquiry into the invisible effects and benefits of different understandings of critical thinking on occupational therapy practice.

Keywords

• Critical pedagogy
• clinical reasoning
• professional reasoning
• critical reflexivity