A Novel Non-Contact Multi-User Online Indoor Positioning Strategy Based on Channel State Information

Abstract

The IEEE 802.11bf-based wireless fidelity (WiFi) indoor positioning system has gained significant attention recently. It is important to recognize that multi-user online positioning occurs in real wireless environments. This paper proposes an indoor positioning sensing strategy that includes an optimized preprocessing process and a new machine learning (ML) method called NKCK. The NKCK method can be broken down into three components: neighborhood component analysis (NCA) for dimensionality reduction, K-means clustering, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification with cross-validation (CV). The KNN algorithm is particularly suitable for our dataset since it effectively classifies data based on proximity, relying on the spatial relationships between points. Experimental results indicate that the NKCK method outperforms traditional methods, achieving reductions in error rates of 82.4% compared to naive Bayes (NB), 85.0% compared to random forest (RF), 72.1% compared to support vector machine (SVM), 64.7% compared to multilayer perceptron (MLP), 50.0% compared to density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN)-based methods, 42.0% compared to linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-based channel state information (CSI) amplitude fingerprinting, and 33.0% compared to principal component analysis (PCA)-based approaches. Due to the sensitivity of CSI, our multi-user online positioning system faces challenges in detecting dynamic human activities, such as human tracking, which requires further investigation in the future.

Keywords

• channel state information (CSI)
• indoor fingerprint positioning
• neighborhood component analysis (NCA)
• K-means
• cross-validation (CV)
• K-nearest neighbor classification (KNN)