Зерновое хозяйство России (May 2018)
The model of the variety in winter wheat breeding (a review)
Abstract
The largest and the most stable yields of grain depend on the cultivar’s opportunity to use soil-climatic conditions of cultivation as well as its ability to overcome unfavorable weather factors that worsen the growth and development of plants. Thus, the new varieties should have a complex system of biochemical, physiological and economic-valuable traits and properties that improve the adaptive ability of the varieties to definite conditions of their cultivation. The work presents the data about the model values of winter wheat characteristics developed by the scientists to improve productivity of the varieties in the definite soil-climatic regions. For the growing conditions of the West Siberia the model of early maturing cultivars should possess 18-20 spikelets and 30-35 kernels per head, 40-45 g of 1000-kernels weight, 4.5-5.0 t/ha of kernels productivity. The model of middle and middle-later maturing cultivars should have 20-22 spikelets, 45-55 g of 1000-kernels weight, 6.0-7.0 t/ha of kernels productivity. For the growing conditions of the Middle Povolzhie the model of the variety should be tolerant to frosts, droughts, diseases; it should possess large productive tillering, 19 spikelets, 40-42 kernels per head, 38-40 g of 1000-kernels weight, 4.0-4.5 t/ha of productivity in favorable years and 2.5-3.0 t/ha in dry years. For the northern part of the Rostov region the model of the cultivar should have 70-90 cm of plant height, 8-9 cm of length of head, 1.2-1.5 g of kernels’ weight per head and 9-10 t/ha of potential productivity. For the southern part of the Rostov region the model of the cultivar sown in fallow land should possess 80-90 cm of plant height, 9.0-9.5 cm of length of head, 38-39 g of 1000-kernels weight, 36-38 kernels per head, 18.0-18.5 spikelets per head and 7.0-7.5 t/ha of grain productivity.
