Binding Free Energy (BFE) Calculations and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) Analysis of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Histone Deacetylase 8 (<i>sm</i>HDAC8) Inhibitors

Abstract

Histone-modifying proteins have been identified as promising targets to treat several diseases including cancer and parasitic ailments. In silico methods have been incorporated within a variety of drug discovery programs to facilitate the identification and development of novel lead compounds. In this study, we explore the binding modes of a series of benzhydroxamates derivatives developed as histone deacetylase inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase (smHDAC) using molecular docking and binding free energy (BFE) calculations. The developed docking protocol was able to correctly reproduce the experimentally established binding modes of resolved smHDAC8–inhibitor complexes. However, as has been reported in former studies, the obtained docking scores weakly correlate with the experimentally determined activity of the studied inhibitors. Thus, the obtained docking poses were refined and rescored using the Amber software. From the computed protein–inhibitor BFE, different quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models could be developed and validated using several cross-validation techniques. Some of the generated QSAR models with good correlation could explain up to ~73% variance in activity within the studied training set molecules. The best performing models were subsequently tested on an external test set of newly designed and synthesized analogs. In vitro testing showed a good correlation between the predicted and experimentally observed IC50 values. Thus, the generated models can be considered as interesting tools for the identification of novel smHDAC8 inhibitors.

Keywords

• binding free energy calculations
• <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>
• histone deacetylase inhibitors
• quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR)