Gaceta Sanitaria (Feb 2013)
Factores predictores de éxito según género en el tratamiento del tabaquismo Predictors of outcome of a smoking cessation treatment by gender
Abstract
Objetivo: Analizar los factores predictores de los resultados del tratamiento del tabaquismo según sexo, en personas fumadoras que solicitan tratamiento para dejar de fumar en una unidad de tabaquismo. Métodos: Estudio transversal en personas fumadoras que iniciaron tratamiento en una unidad de tabaquismo entre los años 2002 y 2007. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, de patrón de consumo, del entorno del paciente respecto al tabaco y la presencia de comorbilidad psiquiátrica. Se realizó tratamiento multicomponente: psicológico y farmacológico. Se consideró éxito del tratamiento la abstinencia continua validada con CO Objective: To identify factors predictive of the outcome of a smoking cessation program by gender. Methods: A cross-sectional study of smokers starting treatment in a smoking cessation clinic from 2002 to 2007 was conducted. The variables consisted of data on sociodemographic factors, smoking habits, the social context of smoking and psychiatric comorbidity prior to or during the smoking cessation process. All patients received multicomponent treatment consisting of psychological and pharmacological interventions. Success was defined as self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by cooximetry (CO <10ppm). Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors predictive of success. Results: A total of 1302 persons (52.1% men and 47.9% women), with a mean age of 43.4 (10.2) years, were included. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 25.3 (10.4) and the mean Fagerström test score was 6.2 (2.2) points. The success rate was 41.3% (538) with no differences by gender. Positive predictors were lower nicotine dependence and having a non-smoking partner in men and older age, smoking fewer cigarettes per day, having fewer smoking friends and not experiencing depression or anxiety during the treatment in women. Conclusions: Men and women have similar tobacco abstinence outcomes although gender factors play a role in determining abstinence. The gender perspective should be incorporated in smoking prevention and cessation programs.
