Heliyon (Apr 2024)
Evaluating the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of KL-6 in patients with interstitial lung diseases
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), Surfactant protein-A (SP-A), SP-D and molecular matrixmetalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in discriminating patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) from disease control subjects. Methods: Serum levels of KL-6, SP-A, SP-D and MMP-7 were measured in both the ILD and non-ILD (NILD) groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these markers and laboratory indices. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) fibrosis scores were determined, and their correlation with the serum markers was analyzed. Results: Serum levels of KL-6 and MMP-7 were significantly elevated in the ILD group compared to the control group, while no significant differences were observed for SP-A and SP-D. ROC analysis of KL-6 demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity of 76.36%, specificity of 91.07%, and an area under curve (AUC) of 0.902 (95%CI 0.866–0.945). These findings were consistent across an additional cohort. Correlation analysis revealed a link between KL-6 levels at initial diagnosis and HRCT fibrosis scores, indicating disease severity. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between KL-6 and pulmonary function indices, reflecting disease progression. Patients with increased 12-month HRCT fibrosis score showed higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, with LDH exhibiting an AUC of 0.767 (95% CI: 0.520–0.927) as a predictor of progression. Conclusions: Serum KL-6 detection proves to be a valuable tool for accurately distinguishing ILDs from control subjects. While KL-6 shows a correlation with HRCT fibrosis scores and a negative association with pulmonary function indices, its predictive value for ILDs prognosis is limited. Trial registration: This study received retrospective approval from the Ethical Committee of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (institutional review board ID: TJ-IRB20210331, date: 2021.03.30).
