Открытое образование (Москва) (Nov 2019)
Ontological approach to modeling innovation processes on the example of a distributed educational network of the University
Abstract
The key task of the current stage of the education system development is the task of transition to new methods of organization and support of the educational process, allowing providing high-quality training of graduates with practical knowledge and skills in demand in the labor market. To solve this task is possible only with the use of innovative methods and tools for the creation of information-educational environment in the formation and processing of learning objects and software services distributed in the educational network and allowing the flexible implementation of the processes of educational and methodological support of educational activities.The aim of the research is to determine the possibilities of using the ontological approach to the construction of innovative automated education management systems, including the construction of individual learning trajectories. In this regard, the problem of modeling and algorithmization of the formation of educational programs as a chain of interrelated training modules and objects, taking into account the implementation of a competence-based model of learning in a distributed educational environment of the University, seems to be interesting.The modern education system is to be aimed primarily at adaptive generation of educational content, taking into account the needs of students and in accordance with constantly changing conditions and needs of the labor market. At present, research in this area mainly concerns issues such as the use of multimedia technologies and simulation programs, knowledge testing technologies based on the competency model, methods for measuring the degree of satisfaction with the quality of training, and management methods based on the portfolio of students. These issues and problems are considered with varying degrees of detail, for example, in [1, 2, 3, 4] and other works. The developed methodology for the formation of educational programs is based on the research results of these authors and is developing towards the use of ontologies that can integrate various concepts of professional and educational standards and create on their basis fundamentally new educational modules and objects. In our opinion, it corresponds to world trends in the development of science in this field of knowledge.It is proposed to use the methods and methodologies of knowledge engineering as engineering methods: ontological engineering methods used for semantic modeling of the information and educational environment, allowing to represent the subject area in the form of a set of interconnected ontologies; methods for constructing and visualizing ontologies; methodologies for building databases and knowledge bases and forming complex queries to databases and knowledge bases; methods for semantic analysis of metadata; graph theory.As a result of the analysis of the objects of the information and educational environment, the requirements for the meta-description of educational objects and services are identified, and a description of the concepts of basic ontologies of the informational and educational environment is presented. The article also discusses the possibilities of using modern software for the formation of an intellectual repository of ontologies. Thus, the proposed toolkit for generating educational programs, in our opinion, will allow us to formalize, simplify, and significantly accelerate the process offlexible development of materials necessary for organizing and supporting the educational process. Application of the described approach makes it possible to improve the quality of training of specialists due to the prompt creation of organizational, managerial and educational materials adapted to the requirements of the labor market, taking into account the peculiarities of forms and methods of training.
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