Measuring Sleep Stages and Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea with a Wearable Multi-Sensor System in Comparison to Polysomnography

Abstract

Shuang-Jiang Zhou,1,* Rui Yang,2,* Lei-Lei Wang,1 Meng Qi,1 Xiao-Fei Yuan,2 Ting-Ting Wang,3 Tian-He Song,4 Yun-Yue Zhuang,4 Hong-Juan Li,1 Yun-Long Tan,1 Xue Wang,2 Jing-Xu Chen1 1Sleep Medicine Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xue Wang, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Email [email protected] Jing-Xu Chen, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Email [email protected]: To assess the performance of a wearable multi-sensor system (SensEcho) in comparison to polysomnography (PSG) in measuring sleep stages and searching for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods: Participants underwent overnight simultaneous monitoring using SensEcho and PSG in a sleep laboratory. SensEcho analyzed the recordings spontaneously, and PSG was assessed as per standard guidelines. The degree of snoring was evaluated according to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of OSA hypopnea syndrome (2011 revision). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to assess general daytime sleepiness.Results: This study included 103 Han Chinese, 91 of whom (age 39.02 ± 13.84 years, body mass index 27.28 ± 5.12 kg/m2, 61.54% male) completed the assessments. The measures of total sleep time (P = 0.198); total wake time (P = 0.182); shallow sleep (P = 0.297), deep sleep (P = 0.422), rapid eye movement sleep (P = 0.570), and awake (P = 0.336) proportions were similar between SensEcho and PSG. Using an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) cutoff of ≥ 5 events/h, the SensEcho had 82.69% sensitivity and 89.74% specificity. Almost the same results were obtained at an AHI threshold of ≥ 15 events/h. Although the specificity increased to 94.67%, it decreased to 43.75% at an AHI cutoff of ≥ 30 events/h.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SensEcho can be used to evaluate sleep status and screen for OSA. Nevertheless, improving the accuracy of its assessment of severe OSA and further testing its effectiveness in community and home environments is necessary.Keywords: wearable multi-sensor system, polysomnography, sleep stages, obstructive sleep apnea

Keywords

• wearable multi-sensor system
• polysomnography
• sleep stages
• obstructive sleep apnea