Frontiers in Endocrinology (Mar 2020)

Women Are at a Higher Risk of Chronic Metabolic Diseases Compared to Men With Increasing Body Mass Index in China

  • Xiao-He Wang,
  • Jing-Na Lin,
  • Guang-Zhong Liu,
  • Hai-Ming Fan,
  • Ya-Ping Huang,
  • Chun-Jun Li,
  • Hong-Yuan Yan

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00127
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11

Abstract

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Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases are the major causes of mortality in the world. However, few studies have investigated the association between multi-categories BMI and chronic diseases from perspective of sex stratification. This study aimed to investigate the risk of chronic diseases at different BMI levels, and to further explore whether BMI-health risk associations differ by sex.Methods: In total, 21,134 participants aged 19–65 years (60.4% men) from the Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin Union Medical Center-Health Management Center were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Sex-specific percentiles of BMI were calculated and divided into 11 categories according to the 2000 CDC growth charts. Health-related indicators, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), hyperuricemia, etc., were used as dependent variables in this study. Statistical differences were tested by unpaired Mann–Whitney U-test and chi-squared test. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between BMI and health-related indicators.Results: The risk of hyperglycemia (OR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.23–2.29), NAFLD (OR: 2.22, 95%CI: 1.74–2.85), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.28–2.12), and hyperuricemia (OR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.12–1.72) in men began to increase significantly when BMI was in the range of 22.59–23.89 kg/m2. However, in women, the risk of hyperglycemia (OR: 3.02, 95%CI: 1.25-8.98) and hyperuricemia (OR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.26–3.05) began to increase significantly when BMI was in the range of 22.76–23.62 kg/m2, and the risk of NAFLD (OR: 5.48, 95%CI: 2.49–14.47) began to increase significantly when BMI was in the range of 21.08–21.97 kg/m2. Besides, at the same BMI level, the risk of diseases in women were significantly higher than that in men, especially when BMI > 25 kg/m2.Conclusion: In the Chinese population, the risk of chronic diseases in women were significantly higher than that in men at the same BMI level, especially when BMI was >25 kg/m2. In addition, the risk of chronic diseases began to increase significantly when BMI was >21.97 kg/m2 in women and 23.89 kg/m2 in men. The results indicated that women should be more alert to the risk of chronic diseases caused by the increase of BMI than men.

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