Heliyon (Mar 2023)
Investigation and mapping of geological construction materials in parts of chemoga river sub basin, debre markos, Ethiopia
Abstract
Currently the demands of geomaterials are intensively increasing all over the country regarding to the expansions of towns for the consumption of engineering structures and buildings. Therefore, searching workable, serviceable and accessible geomaterials nearby areas is a vital subject to stabilize the inflation of geomaterials. The present research was carried out in the Chemoga river sub basin in the Southern direction of Debre Markos town, North Western Ethiopia. To meet out the objectives, detailed surface explorations were carried out through systematically selected travel lines (across the strike and along streams) to detect the different lithologic formations and the contacts; A number of representative rock samples were collected for visual interpretations; GPS reading and metallic meter were the materials used in the field to quantify stratigraphic units, bedding thickness and lamination the lithologic formations; The Brunton compass was used in the field to measure the orientation (dip direction, dip amount and strikes) of geological structures. Besides to this, related literatures were reviewed to have a general background on the subject matter.Basalt and Sandstone are the dominant lithogical units in the study area and have existed with about an average thickness of 500 m and 145 m respectively. Fresh to slightly weathered basalt and columnar basalt that used as a masonry stones are ease to access, workable and the most dominant lithologic units in the study area. Fine to coarse grain reddish to light color sandstone interbedded with siltstone and mudstone is well exposed. Based on the detail field exploration and judgments, Sandstone unit has been well exposed in a desirable potential and quality. And based on the detail field investigation and researcher judgment, the sandstone resource could answer the demands of construction materials for the surrounding areas of Debre Markos town for several thousand of years. Geometrically, mostly massive and steep rock faces are well developed which are difficult for quarrying process and required high explosive materials. Generally, a sandstone rock unit is surrounded by three major normal faults and inaccessible as compared to basalt unit. Regarding to environmental influences/effects, the area is sparsely farmed and it is not common that an extractive activity does not show any environmental and social impacts. Chert is exposed on geographically limited area and rarely observed following stream cuts. Chert and basalt units are slightly to highly weathered and showed alterations on the surface. Finally, the potential and the spatial distribution of geomaterials are investigated and revealed on the map using ArcGIS software and on the basis of the findings of the present research, recommendations are forwarded.
