Decreased Frequency of Mental Workload-Induced Subjective Hot Flashes Through Gum Massage: An Open-Label, Self-Controlled Crossover Trial

Abstract

Objective: Hot flashes, a symptom of menopause, can decrease women's quality of life. Sympathetic nervous system activation has been identified as an important factor in the occurrence of hot flashes. Given that somatosensory stimulation of the oral cavity can affect autonomic nervous activity, we aimed to investigate the possibility that somatosensory stimulation of the gums (i.e., gum massage) could improve hot flashes. Materials and Methods: Nineteen women experiencing at least one hot flash per day were instructed to perform a gum massage on themselves before undertaking mental workload, using arithmetic task, and the frequency of hot flashes experienced during this task was measured. Changes in autonomic nervous activity were assessed based on heart rate variability. Results: Massage conditions promoted a significantly lower arithmetic task-induced hot flash frequency compared with nonmassage conditions (p?<?0.05). During gum massage, the ratio between low and high frequency (LF/HF) values decreased significantly under massage conditions compared with nonmassage conditions (p?<?0.01). During the arithmetic task, the gum massage-induced reduction in LF/HF, which changed from baseline, was significantly correlated with the gum massage-induced reduction in hot flash frequency. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that gum massage can reduce the subjective frequency of hot flashes over a certain period under mental workload. Our study also indicates that gum massage can potentially decrease sympathetic nerve activity, which is known to be involved in the occurrence of hot flashes. Clinical Trial Registration number 328 (the institutional review board of Lion Corporation).

Keywords

• hot flash
• gum massage
• somatosensory
• oral cavity
• mental workload
• sympathetic nerve system