Stable Arterial Perforators Mapping in Lower Leg Using Color-Coded Doppler Sonography, Acoustic Doppler, and Thermal Imaging Camera in Patients Undergoing Digital Subtraction Angiography

Abstract

Background Chronic defects in the lower leg present significant challenges in plastic surgery due to their diverse etiologies and association with impaired peripheral circulation. This study describes the localization of stable perforators and assesses their changing velocities after digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and alterations of flow characteristics.

Keywords

• acoustic doppler
• color-coded duplex
• DSA
• perforator
• PTA
• thermal imaging camera