PLoS ONE (Jan 2014)

Risk of depressive disorder following non-alcoholic cirrhosis: a nationwide population-based study.

  • Chin-Lin Perng,
  • Cheng-Che Shen,
  • Li-Yu Hu,
  • Chiu-Mei Yeh,
  • Mu-Hong Chen,
  • Chia-Fen Tsai,
  • Huey-Ling Chiang,
  • Yi-Ping Hung,
  • Vincent Yi-Fong Su,
  • Yu-Wen Hu,
  • Tung-Ping Su,
  • Pan-Ming Chen,
  • Jeng-Hsiu Hung,
  • Chia-Jen Liu,
  • Min-Wei Huang

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088721
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 2
p. e88721

Abstract

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BACKGROUND & AIMS: To evaluate the risk of depressive disorders among non-alcoholic patients by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of a matched cohort of 52 725 participants (10 545 non-alcoholic cirrhotic patients and 42 180 control patients) who were selected from the NHIRD. Patients were observed for a maximum of 11 years to determine the rates of newly onset depressive disorders, and Cox regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with depressive disorders in cirrhotic patients. RESULTS: During the 11-year follow-up period, 395 (3.75%) non-alcoholic cirrhotic patients and 1 183 (2.80%) control patients were diagnosed with depressive disorders. The incidence risk ratio of depressive disorders between non-alcoholic cirrhotic patients and control patients was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.57-1.98, P<.001). After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, non-alcoholic cirrhotic patients were 1.75 times more likely to develop depressive disorders (95% CI, 1.56-1.96, P<.001) compared with the control patients. The hazard ratios for patients younger than 60 years old (1.31) and female (1.25) indicated that each is an independent risk factor for depressive disorders in non-alcoholic cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of developing depressive disorders is greater among non-alcoholic cirrhotic patients than among patients without cirrhosis. Symptoms of depression should be sought in patients with cirrhosis.