Linguistic Adaptation among Transmigrants: A Case of Balinese

Abstract

This research describes the linguistic adaptation of Bali transmigrants on the mainland of Southeast Sulawesi, specifically in relation to phonological, morphological, grammatical, loanword, and language proficiency aspects. To address these issues, data collection methods such as interviews, observations, and surveys were employed. The results of the research indicated that the linguistic adaptation of Bali transmigrants can be observed phonologically, with the disappearance of retroflex sounds /t/ and /d/ among the younger generation. Generally, Bali transmigrants have limited knowledge of standardized Bali vocabulary, as evidenced by imprecise word usage. Morphologically, the formation of words combines Indonesian root forms with Balinese affixes. In terms of syntax, the use of Indonesian sentences is often accompanied by particles such as ji, mi, toh, and ki, along with the distinctive intonation of the local ethnic group. Vocabulary borrowing, particularly related to agriculture, was also commonly observed. Proficiency in colloquial language was more dominant than in formal language. Most participants were unfamiliar with formal Balinese vocabulary.

Keywords

• transmigration
• language adaptation
• language change
• bali transmigrants
• southeast sulawesi