The Clinicopathological Features and Genetic Alterations in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer Patients after Curative Surgery

Abstract

Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (GC) is one of four major gastric cancer types and is traditionally considered to be related to lymphoepithelioma-like GC. Few studies have investigated the clinical significance of EBV infection in intestinal/solid type, diffuse (poorly cohesive) type, and lymphoepithelioma-like GC. Methods: A total of 460 GC patients receiving curative surgery were enrolled. The clinicopathological features, genetic alterations and prognoses were compared between patients with and without EBV infection. Results: EBV-positive GC patients (n = 43) had more tumors located in the upper and middle stomach, more common in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, more lymphoid stroma, fewer Helicobacter pylori infections, and higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression than EBV-negative GC patients. For intestinal/solid type GC, EBV-positive tumors were more likely to be located in the upper and middle stomach, have more lymphoid stroma, fewer Helicobacter pylori infections, higher PD-L1 expression, and more liver metastases than EBV-negative tumors. For diffuse (poorly cohesive) type GC, EBV-positive tumors were more likely to be located in the upper stomach, and have more lymphoid stroma than EBV-negative tumors. For lymphoepithelioma-like GC, EBV-positive tumors had more PI3K/AKT pathway mutations than EBV-negative tumors. Conclusions: Intestinal/solid type GC patients with EBV-positive tumors were associated with higher PD-L1 expression and more liver metastases, while lymphoepithelioma-like GC patients with EBV-positive tumors had more PI3K/AKT pathway mutations. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy may be beneficial for these groups of patients. Routine EBV survey is recommended in GC.

Keywords

• Epstein–Barr virus
• intestinal/solid
• poorly cohesive
• lymphoepithelioma-like
• PD-L1
• immunotherapy