Discovering Cathodic Biocompatibility for Aqueous Zn–MnO2 Battery: An Integrating Biomass Carbon Strategy

Abstract

Highlights γ-MnO2 loaded on N-doped biomass carbon from grapefruit peel is firstly developed. The splendid cathodic properties (e.g., coulombic efficiency: ~ 100%, energy density: 553.12 Wh kg−1) are gained. The biomass strategy guaranteed via cytotoxicity test shows a clinical potential. Zn-ion storage efficiency is boosted mainly by regulating Mn–O bond and Mn domains.

Keywords

• Aqueous Zn-ion batteries
• Biocompatibility
• Jahn–Teller effect
• Mn domains
• γ-MnO2