3D Bioprinted Bacteriostatic Hyperelastic Bone Scaffold for Damage-Specific Bone Regeneration

Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr; Andrea S. Theus; Archana Kamalakar; Liqun Ning; Cong Cao; Martin L. Tomov; Jarred M. Kaiser; Steven Goudy; Nick J. Willett; Ho Won Jang; Christopher N. LaRock; Philip Hanna; Aron Lechtig; Mohamed Yousef; Janaina Da Silva Martins; Ara Nazarian; Mitchel B. Harris; Morteza Mahmoudi; Vahid Serpooshan

doi:10.3390/polym13071099

Polymers (Mar 2021)

3D Bioprinted Bacteriostatic Hyperelastic Bone Scaffold for Damage-Specific Bone Regeneration

Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr,
Andrea S. Theus,
Archana Kamalakar,
Liqun Ning,
Cong Cao,
Martin L. Tomov,
Jarred M. Kaiser,
Steven Goudy,
Nick J. Willett,
Ho Won Jang,
Christopher N. LaRock,
Philip Hanna,
Aron Lechtig,
Mohamed Yousef,
Janaina Da Silva Martins,
Ara Nazarian,
Mitchel B. Harris,
Morteza Mahmoudi,
Vahid Serpooshan

Affiliations

Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Andrea S. Theus: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Archana Kamalakar: Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Liqun Ning: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Cong Cao: Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Martin L. Tomov: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Jarred M. Kaiser: Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Steven Goudy: Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Nick J. Willett: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Ho Won Jang: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Christopher N. LaRock: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Philip Hanna: Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Aron Lechtig: Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Mohamed Yousef: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
Janaina Da Silva Martins: Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St, Thier 11, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Ara Nazarian: Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Mitchel B. Harris: Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Morteza Mahmoudi: Precision Health Program & Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Vahid Serpooshan: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071099
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 13, no. 7
p. 1099

Abstract

Read online

Current strategies for regeneration of large bone fractures yield limited clinical success mainly due to poor integration and healing. Multidisciplinary approaches in design and development of functional tissue engineered scaffolds are required to overcome these translational challenges. Here, a new generation of hyperelastic bone (HB) implants, loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), are 3D bioprinted and their regenerative effect on large non-healing bone fractures is studied. Scaffolds are bioprinted with the geometry that closely correspond to that of the bone defect, using an osteoconductive, highly elastic, surgically friendly bioink mainly composed of hydroxyapatite. Incorporation of SPIONs into HB bioink results in enhanced bacteriostatic properties of bone grafts while exhibiting no cytotoxicity. In vitro culture of mouse embryonic cells and human osteoblast-like cells remain viable and functional up to 14 days on printed HB scaffolds. Implantation of damage-specific bioprinted constructs into a rat model of femoral bone defect demonstrates significant regenerative effect over the 2-week time course. While no infection, immune rejection, or fibrotic encapsulation is observed, HB grafts show rapid integration with host tissue, ossification, and growth of new bone. These results suggest a great translational potential for 3D bioprinted HB scaffolds, laden with functional nanoparticles, for hard tissue engineering applications.

Published in Polymers

ISSN: 2073-4360 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science: Chemistry: Organic chemistry
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers/

About the journal

Abstract

Keywords