Interaction between parental myopia and children lifestyle on the incidence of myopia among children aged 6–18 years: a cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to explore the influence of the interaction between parental myopia and lifestyle on myopia among school-age children.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting This study used data from the Tianjin Child and Adolescent Research of Eye between August and October 2022.Participants A total of 49 035 participants between 6 and 18 years of age were eligible for this study.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was the interaction between eye-healthy lifestyle and parental myopia on myopia. Parental myopia and eye-healthy lifestyle were ascertained by a Child and Adolescent Behavior Questionnaire. The lifestyle risk score (LRS) of eye health was calculated based on beta-coefficient in the backward regression model. The interaction between LRS and parental myopia was analysed by multivariate logistic regression. The predictive value of different predicted models was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations of lifestyle risk factors and parental myopia with spherical equivalent refraction, which were defined as the secondary outcomes.Results A total of 31 839 participants aged 6–18 years were included, and the myopia prevalence was 55.46%. Eye-healthy lifestyle and parental myopia were significantly associated with myopia, as was interaction. The predictive value for LRS & parental myopia was 0.714 (95% CI: 0.709 to 0.720), which was higher than LRS (0.693, 95% CI: 0.687 to 0.699) and parental myopia (0.710, 95% CI: 0.704 to 0.716) separately.Conclusions High-risk lifestyles of myopia and parental myopia were significantly associated with a higher risk of myopia, and the combination had the strongest effect. For children, lifestyle adjustment should be prioritised in preventing myopia, especially for those with parental myopia.