The Visualization of the Space Probability Distribution for a Moving Particle: In a Single Ring-Shaped Coulomb Potential

Abstract

We first present the exact solutions of the single ring-shaped Coulomb potential and then realize the visualizations of the space probability distribution for a moving particle within the framework of this potential. We illustrate the two-dimensional (contour) and three-dimensional (isosurface) visualizations for those specifically given quantum numbers (n, l, m) essentially related to those so-called quasi-quantum numbers (n′, l′, m′) through changing the single ring-shaped Coulomb potential parameter b. We find that the space probability distributions (isosurface) of a moving particle for the special case l=m and the usual case l≠m are spherical and circularly ring-shaped, respectively, by considering all variables r→=(r,θ,φ) in spherical coordinates. We also study the features of the relative probability values P of the space probability distributions. As an illustration, by studying the special case of the quantum numbers (n, l, m) = (6, 5, 1), we notice that the space probability distribution for a moving particle will move towards the two poles of the z-axis as the relative probability value P increases. Moreover, we discuss the series expansion of the deformed spherical harmonics through the orthogonal and complete spherical harmonics and find that the principal component decreases gradually and other components will increase as the potential parameter b increases.