Bi-directional Battery Charging/Discharging Converter for Grid Integration: A Step Towards Power Quality and Efficient Energy Management in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

This paper presents the design and simulation of a bi-directional battery charging and discharging converter capable of interacting with the grid. The proposed converter enables Electric Vehicles (EVs) not only to charge their batteries from the grid but also to discharge excess energy back into the grid through the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operating mode. The work discusses charger design considerations, including control strategies, and examines its potential contribution to efficient energy management and grid stability. Furthermore, a simulation study using MATLAB/Simulink validates the performance, efficiency, and dynamic response of the bi-directional converter, demonstrating its viability for real-world grid integration. The simulation shows better performance in various performance aspects, including high-power factor correction (PFC), minimized steady-state oscillations, reduced DC link voltage overshoot, increased overall efficiency, and both voltage and current Total Harmonic Distortions (THD maintained below 5%).