Modelling personal temperature exposure using household and outdoor temperature and questionnaire data: Implications for epidemiological studies

Xi Xia; Ka Hung Chan; Yue Niu; Cong Liu; Yitong Guo; Kin-Fai Ho; Steve Hung Lam Yim; Baihan Wang; Aiden Doherty; Daniel Avery; Pei Pei; Canqing Yu; Dianjianyi Sun; Jun Lv; Junshi Chen; Liming Li; Peng Wen; Shaowei Wu; Kin Bong Hubert Lam; Haidong Kan; Zhengming Chen

Environment International (Oct 2024)

Modelling personal temperature exposure using household and outdoor temperature and questionnaire data: Implications for epidemiological studies

Xi Xia,
Ka Hung Chan,
Yue Niu,
Cong Liu,
Yitong Guo,
Kin-Fai Ho,
Steve Hung Lam Yim,
Baihan Wang,
Aiden Doherty,
Daniel Avery,
Pei Pei,
Canqing Yu,
Dianjianyi Sun,
Jun Lv,
Junshi Chen,
Liming Li,
Peng Wen,
Shaowei Wu,
Kin Bong Hubert Lam,
Haidong Kan,
Zhengming Chen

Affiliations

Xi Xia: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Ka Hung Chan: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Corresponding authors at: Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7LF. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
Yue Niu: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Cong Liu: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Yitong Guo: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Kin-Fai Ho: The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Steve Hung Lam Yim: Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Baihan Wang: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Aiden Doherty: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, John Racliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Daniel Avery: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Pei Pei: Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
Canqing Yu: Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
Dianjianyi Sun: Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
Jun Lv: Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
Junshi Chen: China National Center For Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
Liming Li: Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
Peng Wen: Maiji Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu, China
Shaowei Wu: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China; Corresponding authors at: Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7LF. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
Kin Bong Hubert Lam: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Haidong Kan: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children’s Hospital of Fudan university, National Center for Children’s Health, Shanghai, China
Zhengming Chen: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 192
p. 109060

Abstract

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Non-optimal temperature is a leading risk factor for global disease burden. Most epidemiological studies assessed only outdoor temperature, with important uncertainties on personal exposure misclassification. The CKB-Air study measured personal, household (kitchen and living room), and outdoor temperatures in the summer (MAY-SEP 2017) and winter (NOV 2017-JAN 2018) in 477 participants in China. After data cleaning, ∼88,000 person-hours of data were recorded across each microenvironment. Using multivariable linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) models, we identified key predictors and constructed personal temperature exposure prediction models. We used generalised additive mixed effect models to examine the relationships of personal and outdoor temperatures with heart rate. The 24-hour mean (SD) personal and outdoor temperatures were 29.2 (3.8) °C and 27.6 (6.4) °C in summer, and 12.0 (4.0) °C and 7.5 (4.2) °C in winter, respectively. The temperatures across microenvironments were strongly correlated (Spearman’s ρ: 0.86–0.92) in summer. In winter, personal temperature was strongly related to household temperatures (ρ: 0.74–0.79) but poorly related to outdoor temperature (ρ: 0.30). RF algorithm identified household and outdoor temperatures and study date as top predictors of personal temperature exposure for both seasons, and heating-related factors were important in winter. The final MLR and RF models incorporating questionnaire and device data performed satisfactorily in predicting personal exposure in both seasons (R2summer: 0.92; R2winter: 0.68–0.70). We found consistent U-shaped associations between measured and predicted personal temperature exposures and heart rate (lowest at ∼ 14.5 °C), but a weak positive linear association with outdoor temperature. Personal and outdoor temperatures differ substantially winter, but prediction models incorporating household and outdoor temperatures and questionnaire data performed satisfactorily. Exposure misclassification from using outdoor temperature may produce inappropriate epidemiological findings.

Published in Environment International

ISSN: 0160-4120 (Print)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Environmental sciences
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/environment-international

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