Antiurolithiatic activity of Indian medicinal plant: Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gurke (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

Urolithiasis is the most prevalent condition of the urinary system, characterized by the formation of stones inside the urinary tract. It is urgent to look for a natural urolithiasis therapy due to the serious side effects of conventional medications. Hydro-alcoholic (80% v/v) extract of the aerial parts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (OK) and its ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol, aqueous, and n-hexane fractions were subjected to in vitro antiurolithiatic screening as well as preliminary screening of phytochemicals. The in vitro antiurolithiatic activity of O. kilimandscharicum was studied using its hydroalcoholic extract (HAEOK). Calcium phosphate test using a colorimetric approach and calcium oxalate assay using a titrimetric model were used to determine the proportion of calcium oxalate crystals that dissolved. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured for the extract and fractions of OK. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAFOK) had a greater capacity to suppress crystal formation in both the calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate assays. The percent dissolution of calcium oxalate by HAEOK and EAFOK (31.48 ± 0.920% and 39.21 ± 0.903%) and calcium phosphate crystals by HAEOK and EAFOK (59.03 ± 0.820% and 66.62 ± 0.468%) was determined, respectively. At p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, differences between the results were regarded as significant. Cystone was employed as a standard drug. This study revealed that EAFOK showed significant antiurolithiatic activity. The antiurolithiatic activity of the extract/fraction was attributed to the steroids, triterpenoids, and flavonoid content of OK.

Keywords

• Antiurolithiatic
• Calcium oxalate crystals
• Cystone
• In vitro antiurolithiatic activity
• Ocimum kilimandscharicum