Наукові горизонти (Sep 2019)
YIELD AND QUALITY OF BARLEY GRAIN ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEMS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZATION
Abstract
Barley in Ukraine is one of the most important world grain crops of food and feed value being in high demand in the agricultural market. multi-year research has found that the optimization of the technology for growing spring barley provides the formation of maximum grain yield under different climatic conditions. The aim of the research was to study the effect of long-term use of different systems of basic tillage and fertilizer systems (mineral and organo-mineral) on the yield and quality of spring barley grain in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The study was conducted in a stationary experiment during 2001–2018 on black-earth sub-soil mid-loam soils. It has been established that the highest yield of barley grain (3.94 t/ha) was provided by the traditional system of basic tillage on the background of mineral fertilizer at the dose of N60P60K60. The use of non-traditional tillage led to a decrease in the yield of spring barley grain by 0.15–0.46 t/ha as compared to plowing. The lowest yield of spring barley grain (3.48 t/ha) was obtained by disking to a depth of 10–12 cm. The application of traditional tillage on the background of organo-mineral fertilizer, with the predecessor straw being left in the field, along with the application of N10 per ton of straw on the background N30P30K30, provides a yield of 3.91 t/ha. Under non-traditional tillage grain yield decreases by 3–12 % as compared to traditional plowing. Both traditional and flat tillage systems on both fertilizer backgrounds yielded the best grain quality indices such as grain nature and 1000 seeds weight. The highest net operating profit and profitability level (118 %) were obtained from the flat tillage system on the organo-mineral background of the fertilizer. Disk plowing leads to a 31 % decrease in profitability as compared to flat-loosening. Further research should focus on examining the effectiveness of applying straw with destructors in spring barley fertilizer systems, depending on the method of basic tillage under different weather conditions.
Keywords
