Open Access Emergency Medicine (Nov 2023)
The Burden and Contributing Factors of Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Among Acute Heart Failure Patients Admitted to Tertiary Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia
Abstract
Natanim Degefu,1 Abera Jambo,2 Shambel Nigusse,2 Mesay Dechasa,2 Tigist Gashaw,3 Melaku Getachew4 1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Melaku Getachew, Department of Emergency and critical care medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 138, Harar, Ethiopia, Tel +251953137119, Email [email protected]: Despite cardiogenic pulmonary edema is the most common phenotype of acute heart failure (AHF), studies on its burden and associated factors are limited. This study aimed to assess the burden and contributing factors of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients with acute heart failure admitted to a tertiary hospital in eastern Ethiopia.Patients and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on the medical records (n = 276) of patients with AHF between February 01, 2018, and January 31, 2023. A simple random sampling technique was used to select participants from the study population. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with the development of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. A P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema was 47.8% in AHF patients. Rural residence (adjusted odds ratio (AOR),9.54), smoking (AOR,3.17), comorbidity (AOR,2.1), and underlying cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease, chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease, and hypertensive heart disease with AOR: 6.71, 8.47, and 12.07, respectively) were significantly associated with the development of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients with AHF.Conclusion: Nearly half of the patients with AHF had cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Being a rural dweller, cigarette smoking, comorbidities, and underlying cardiac illness were significantly associated with the development of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients with AHF.Keywords: acute heart failure, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Ethiopia, tertiary hospital
