BMC Public Health (Aug 2024)

Causes of pre and post-donation deferrals among blood donors, at Kwale Satellite Blood Transfusion Center, Kwale County, Kenya, 2018–2022

  • Gibson Waweru Nyamu,
  • Matano Ali Shee,
  • Polly Kiende,
  • Benson Muithya Muthiani,
  • Rocky Jumapili Nakazea,
  • Narcis Mwakidedela Mwasowa,
  • Frendrick Odhiambo,
  • Jacintah Mueni King’oo,
  • Ronald Nyarambe Wigina

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19535-1
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 24, no. 1
pp. 1 – 11

Abstract

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Abstract Background Both pre-donation and post-donation deferrals pose challenges to blood safety and availability. This study delved into the deferral rates before donations and their underlying reasons, as, transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) leading to post-donation deferrals among potential blood donors at the Kwale Satellite Blood Transfusion Centre (KSBTC) in Kenya. Methods We performed a retrospective electronic record review of pre- and post-donation deferrals among blood donors at KSBTC, 2018–2022. The pre-donations deferral rate and reasons for deferral were analyzed. Accepted donations were analyzed to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and syphilis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and both crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A review was conducted on 12,633 blood donation records. Among these, individuals 2,729/12,633 (21.60%) were deferred from donating with the primary reason being low hemoglobin levels, constituting 51.86% of deferrals. Around 773/9,904 (7.80%) of blood units, were discarded due to at least one TTI. Among these, HBV accounted for 4.73%, HIV for 2.01%, HCV for 1.21%, and Syphilis for 0.59% of cases. The adjusted odds ratio for male donors were, (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.01–1.57), donors with none or primary education level (aOR = 1.4 95% CI 1.11–1.68), first-timer donors (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.01–1.44), and static strategy for blood collection (aOR = 1.4, 95%CI 1.12–1.63) were independently potentially associated with testing positive for at least one TTI. Conclusion The study indicates that TTIs continue to pose a risk to the safety of Kenya’s bloodstock, with a notable prevalence of HBV infections. Male donors, individuals with limited education, first-time donors, and utilizing a fixed strategy for blood collection were identified as potential risk factors independently associated with TTIs.

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