Desigualdades sociodemográficas e causas de morte em menores de cinco anos no Estado de Pernambuco Sociodemographic inequalities and cause of death among children aged under five years in the Brazilian State of Pernambuco

Abstract

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar a mortalidade em menores de cinco anos, no triênio 2004-2006, identificando desigualdades sociodemográficas e nas causas de morte entre as mesorregiões de Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: realizou-se um estudo transversal, com 6721 óbitos em menores de cinco anos residentes em municípios com Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos consolidados, agregados em quatro mesorregiões. Para as variáveis estudadas, analisaram-se desigualdades na mortalidade proporcional (qui-quadrado) e nas taxas de mortalidade em menores de cinco anos (TMM5) - razão de taxas e sobremortalidade. RESULTADOS: entre as mesorregiões, a TMM5 variou de 18,3/1000NV (Região Metropolitana do Recife-RMR) a 28,4/1000NV (Sertão), com média de 21,7/1000NV. As maiores TMM5 da Mata, Agreste e Sertão em relação à TMM5 da RMR representaram uma sobremortalidade de 1055 óbitos. A mortalidade proporcional apresentou diferenças (pOBJECTIVES: to characterize mortality in children aged under five years in the three-year period, 2004-2006, identifying sociodemographic inequalities and differences in the cause of death among the sub-regions of the State of Pernambuco. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out of 6721 deaths of children aged under five living in municipalities with death and alive newborn registers and these were divided up into four sub-regions. For the variables under study, inequalities in proportional mortality (chi-squared) and mortality rates among children aged under five (MRU5) - ratio of rates and over-mortality - were analyzed. RESULTS: among the sub-regions, the MRU5 varied from 18.3/1000NV (in the Metropolitan Region of Recife - RMR) to 28.4/1000NV (in the Sertão), the mean being 21.7/1000NV. The higher MRU5s for Mata, Agreste and Sertão compared to the MRU5 for the RMR represent an over-mortality rate of 1055. The proportional mortality differed (p<0.05) as to place of death occurence, characteristics of municipality of residence (HDI, women's literacy, fecundity rate) specific basic causes of the chapters of perinatal diseases, infectious diseases and parasites. In the Sertão, the MRU5 that could be reduced to adequate care levels for pregnant women, delivery and newborns, by promoting health and adequate diagnosis and treatment were 1.6; 2.2 and 2.7 times higher than in the RMR. CONCLUSIONS: mortality in children aged under five in Pernambuco revealed inequalities among the sub-regions.

Keywords

• Mortalidade na infância
• Causas de óbito
• Desigualdades em saúde
• Child mortality
• Causes of death
• Health inequalities