Pharmaceuticals (Sep 2022)
P-Glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) Restricts Brain Accumulation of the Novel EGFR Inhibitor EAI045 and Oral Elacridar Coadministration Enhances Its Brain Accumulation and Oral Exposure
Abstract
EAI045 is a fourth-generation allosteric tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It targets T790M and C797S EGFR mutants in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EAI045 and cetuximab combined induce tumor regression in mouse models of EGFR-mutant lung cancer. We investigated the pharmacokinetic roles of the multidrug efflux and uptake transporters ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCG2 (BCRP), and OATP1A/1B, and of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A in plasma and tissue distribution of EAI045 and its metabolites, using genetically modified mouse models. In vitro, EAI045 was a good transport substrate of human ABCB1. In vivo, oral EAI045 (20 mg/kg) was rapidly absorbed. Relative to wild-type mice, EAI045 brain-to-plasma ratios were increased 3.9-fold in Abcb1a/1b-/- and 4.8-fold in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice. However, in single Abcg2-/- mice they were unchanged. EAI045 oral availability was not markedly altered. Oral coadministration of elacridar, an ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor, increased the plasma AUC0–30min and brain-to-plasma ratios of EAI045 by 4.0-fold and 5.4-fold, respectively, in wild-type mice. EAI045 glucuronide showed an increased plasma AUC0–30min and a markedly decreased accumulation and tissue-to-plasma ratio in the small intestinal content when Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2 were absent. A large fraction of oral EAI045 was converted to its hydrolyzed metabolite PIA, but Abcb1a/1b, Abcg2, and Oatp1a/1b had little impact on PIA pharmacokinetics. Mouse Cyp3a knockout or transgenic human CYP3A4 overexpression did not significantly affect oral EAI045 pharmacokinetics. Our results show that blood–brain barrier ABCB1 can markedly limit EAI045 brain accumulation. Moreover, elacridar coadministration can effectively reverse this process.
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