In vitro evaluation of complement deposition and opsonophagocytic killing of Rhodococcus equi mediated by poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine hyperimmune plasma compared to commercial plasma products

Abstract

Abstract Background The bacterium Rhodococcus equi can cause severe pneumonia in foals. The absence of a licensed vaccine and limited effectiveness of commercial R. equi hyperimmune plasma (RE‐HIP) create a great need for improved prevention of this disease. Hypothesis Plasma hyperimmune to the capsular polysaccharide poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine (PNAG) would be significantly more effective than RE‐HIP at mediating complement deposition and opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) of R. equi. Animals Venipuncture was performed on 9 Quarter Horses. Methods The ability of the following plasma sources to mediate complement component 1 (C1) deposition onto either PNAG or R. equi was determined by ELISA: (1) PNAG hyperimmune plasma (PNAG‐HIP), (2) RE‐HIP, and (3) standard non‐hyperimmune commercial plasma (SP). For OPK, each plasma type was combined with R. equi, equine complement, and neutrophils isolated from horses (n = 9); after 4 hours, the number of R. equi in each well was determined by quantitative culture. Data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effects regression with significance set at P < .05. Results The PNAG‐HIP and RE‐HIP were able to deposit significantly (P < .05) more complement onto their respective targets than the other plasmas. The mean proportional survival of R. equi opsonized with PNAG‐HIP was significantly (P < .05) less (14.7%) than that for SP (51.1%) or RE‐HIP (42.2%). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Plasma hyperimmune to PNAG is superior to RE‐HIP for opsonizing and killing R. equi in vitro. Comparison of these 2 plasmas in field trials is warranted because of the reported incomplete effectiveness of RE‐HIP.

Keywords

• complement
• horse
• neutrophils
• opsonophagocytic killing
• plasma
• Rhodococcus equi