Provider perceptions of barriers and facilitators to care in eating disorder treatment for transgender and gender diverse patients: a qualitative study

Abstract

Plain English summary Eating disorders are more common among transgender and non-binary compared to cisgender people. Despite this, gender diverse people who seek eating disorder treatment often report struggling to find affirming and inclusive care. We interviewed nineteen US-based licensed mental health clinicians who specialized in eating disorder treatment to learn perceptions and knowledge of facilitators and barriers to care for transgender and gender diverse patients diagnosed with eating disorders. Factors affecting access to care included stigmatization, family support, financial factors, gendered clinics, scarcity of gender-competent care, and religious communities. Factors affecting care while in treatment included discrimination and microaggressions, provider lived experience and education, other patients and parents, institutions of higher education, family-centered care, gendered-centered care, and traditional therapeutic techniques. This research identified barriers and facilitators with the potential for improvement, especially those caused by clinician’s lack of knowledge or attitudes towards gender minority patients in treatment.

Keywords

• Transgender
• Gender diverse
• Eating disorders
• Treatment
• Provider