Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (Jun 2014)

Analisis Keberhasilan Terapi Bermain terhadap Perkembangan Potensi Kecerdasan Anak Retardasi Mental Sedang Usia 7–12 Tahun

  • Lilis Lisnawati,
  • M. Nurhalim Shahib,
  • Hidayat Wijayanegara

DOI
https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v46n2.277
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 46, no. 2
pp. 73 – 82

Abstract

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Mental Retardation (MR) is a heterogeneous disorder that consists of lower than average intellectual function along with the disruption of adaptive skills. Play therapy is an effective approach to train children with moderate MR in studying the concept of learning. Play therapy is conducted in a special room designed as a playground, equipped with special toys to stimulate potential development of children with moderate MR. This research aimed to improve the success of the potential development of intelligence in children with moderate MR using WISC instrument through play therapy. The study design used quasi-experimental method (quasi-experiment) and qualitative analysis. The subjects of this study were thirteen 7–12 years old children with moderate MR in extraordinary primary school Aisiyah. The analysis approach used was statistical analysis with Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis approaches. A descriptive analysis was subsequently carried out to provide a snapshot of MR conditions that accompany the child including: internal factors, i.e. the phase experienced by the child during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding and the stage of growth and development, and external factors i.e. the family's socioeconomic condition and children upbringing. The results showed that 7 out of 13 children with moderate MR had experienced an increase in the potential development of intelligence. In terms of the relation between the therapy frequency and the children success rate, 5 of 7 moderate MR children who were successful were in the category of frequent treatment of play therapy. In conclusion, play therapy can increase the potential for successful intelligence development of children with moderate MR. This success is associated with treatment frequency and is supported by the presence of concomitant conditions (internal and external factors) in children.

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