Water Supply (May 2024)
Spatial analysis of dynamic groundwater potential maps of Nagpur district of Maharashtra using the AHP and RS-GIS tools
Abstract
Identification of groundwater potential (GWP) is essential for groundwater management. Recently some areas of Nagpur district have faced water scarcity with severe groundwater level fluctuation (GWLF). The study incorporates the dynamic behaviour of rainfall, land use/cover, fractional impervious surface (FIS), and GWLF from 2017 to 2022 along with topographical wetness index (TWI), topographical ruggedness index (TRI), lineament density, drainage density, slope, soil, and geomorphology. The study employs the geographical information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria decision-making approach, analytical hierarchy process, and remote sensing for spatiotemporal GWP mapping. The weighted overlay tool of ArcGIS 10.5 was used to derive final GWP maps. Critically, the northwestern part of the study area experienced major shifts in GWP, 448 km2 area has increased under the poor GWP category representing a decline in recharge probability. The safe GWP category diminished by nearly 531 km2 which exacerbates the problem whereas, high GWP showed very less changes. The most sensitive parameters are identified using an area-sensitivity approach, which reveals that TRI, slope, soil, geomorphology, rainfall, and TWI cause 35, 29, 20, 19, 11, and 11% area changes, respectively, while maximizing their weights. The validation of GWP maps shows good agreement with pre- and post-monsoon well data. The methodology and results may serve for GWP appraisal of similar regions. HIGHLIGHTS The study analyses dynamics of groundwater potential (GWP) change for the area under study from 2017 to 2022.; Eleven factors related to geomorphology, climate, and topography are considered.; Results show topographical ruggedness index, slope, soil, and geomorphology are the most sensitive parameters.; The southern and western part of the study area shows relatively high and poor GWP, respectively.; The study shows 3,500 km2 increase in the fraction of impervious surface coverage showing an increase in poor GWP areas.;
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