Novel Oscillation Theorems and Symmetric Properties of Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations of Fourth-Order with a Middle Term

Abstract

The goal of this paper was to study the oscillations of a class of fourth-order nonlinear delay differential equations with a middle term. Novel oscillation theorems built on a proper Riccati-type transformation, the comparison approach, and integral-averaging conditions were developed, and several symmetric properties of the solutions are presented. For the validation of these theorems, several examples are given to highlight the core results.

Keywords

• Riccati transformation
• oscillation
• fourth-order
• damping term
• comparison theorem