Detection and distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with aggressive parodontopathy

Abstract

Parodontopathy is a complex disease of periodontal tissues. The patological changes that occure here are destructive and lead to gradual or progressive periodontium disease and its anatomical and functional desintegration. The aim of the research was to use the PCR method (Polimerase Chain Reaction) to identify the presence and spreading of the oral pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque in patients suffering from the aggressive parodontopathy and then compare it to qualitative-quantitative structure of dental plaque in patients suffering from chronic parodontopathy. The study included 70 patients, average age of 45. The identification of microorganisms in subgingival plaque was determined by PCR method. In order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of destruction of periodontal tissue the standard epidemiological criteria were used: plaque index (Silness-Lӧe), gingival index (Lӧe-Silness), SBI index (Mühleman-Son) and DPP. Extremely high statictical significance of presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was obtained in patients with aggressive parodontopathy. The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis showed the difference in distribution in patients with chronic as well as in patients with aggressive pardontopathy. In our sample A.a was detected in a high percentage of younger patients with the diagnosis of aggressive parodontopathy. Higher rate of A. actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque has a direct impact on the course of parodontopathy. Its detection may be a useful marker for identifying the increased risk for developing aggressive parodontopathy in patients of younger population.

Keywords

• parodontopathy
• subgingival plaque
• Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
• PCR