Quantitative-enhancer-FACS-seq (QeFS) reveals epistatic interactions among motifs within transcriptional enhancers in developing Drosophila tissue

Abstract

Abstract Understanding the contributions of transcription factor DNA binding sites to transcriptional enhancers is a significant challenge. We developed Quantitative enhancer-FACS-Seq for highly parallel quantification of enhancer activities from a genomically integrated reporter in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. We investigate the contributions of the DNA binding motifs of four poorly characterized TFs to the activities of twelve embryonic mesodermal enhancers. We measure quantitative changes in enhancer activity and discover a range of epistatic interactions among the motifs, both synergistic and alleviating. We find that understanding the regulatory consequences of TF binding motifs requires that they be investigated in combination across enhancer contexts.

Keywords

• Enhancers
• Transcription factor binding sites
• Epistasis
• Drosophila embryonic mesoderm
• Reporter assay