Analysis of how a complex systems perspective is applied in studies on socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behaviour—a call for reporting guidelines

Abstract

Abstract Background A complex systems perspective is gaining popularity in research on socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behaviour, though there may be a gap between its popularity and the way it is implemented. Building on our recent systematic scoping review, we aim to analyse the application of and reporting on complex systems methods in the literature on socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behaviour. Methods Selected methods and results from the review are presented as a basis for in-depth critical reflection. A traffic light-based instrument was used to assess the extent to which eight key concepts of a complex systems perspective (e.g. feedback loops) were applied. Study characteristics related to the applied value of the models were also extracted, including the model evidence base, the depiction of the model structure, and which characteristics of model relationships (e.g. polarity) were reported on. Results Studies that applied more key concepts of a complex systems perspective were also more likely to report the direction and polarity of relationships. The system paradigm, its deepest held beliefs, is seldom identified but may be key to recognize when designing interventions. A clear, complete depiction of the full model structure is also needed to convey the functioning of a complex system. We recommend that authors include these characteristics and level of detail in their reporting. Conclusions Above all, we call for the development of reporting guidelines to increase the transparency and applied value of complex systems models on socioeconomic inequalities in health, health behaviour and beyond. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Complex systems
• Methodology
• Reporting standards
• Simulation models
• Conceptual models
• Socioeconomic inequalities