Influence of Vaginal Bacteria and <sc>d</sc>- and <sc>l</sc>-Lactic Acid Isomers on Vaginal Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer: Implications for Protection against Upper Genital Tract Infections

• Steven S. Witkin,
• Helena Mendes-Soares,
• Iara M. Linhares,
• Aswathi Jayaram,
• William J. Ledger,
• Larry J. Forney

Affiliations

Steven S. Witkin

Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

Helena Mendes-Soares

Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA

Iara M. Linhares

Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

Aswathi Jayaram

Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

William J. Ledger

Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

Larry J. Forney

Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA