Frontiers in Endocrinology (Dec 2021)

Bone Phenotyping Approaches in Human, Mice and Zebrafish – Expert Overview of the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork”)

  • Ines Foessl,
  • J. H. Duncan Bassett,
  • Åshild Bjørnerem,
  • Åshild Bjørnerem,
  • Björn Busse,
  • Ângelo Calado,
  • Pascale Chavassieux,
  • Maria Christou,
  • Eleni Douni,
  • Eleni Douni,
  • Imke A. K. Fiedler,
  • João Eurico Fonseca,
  • João Eurico Fonseca,
  • Eva Hassler,
  • Wolfgang Högler,
  • Erika Kague,
  • David Karasik,
  • Patricia Khashayar,
  • Bente L. Langdahl,
  • Victoria D. Leitch,
  • Philippe Lopes,
  • Georgios Markozannes,
  • Fiona E. A. McGuigan,
  • Carolina Medina-Gomez,
  • Evangelia Ntzani,
  • Evangelia Ntzani,
  • Ling Oei,
  • Claes Ohlsson,
  • Claes Ohlsson,
  • Pawel Szulc,
  • Jonathan H. Tobias,
  • Jonathan H. Tobias,
  • Katerina Trajanoska,
  • Şansın Tuzun,
  • Amina Valjevac,
  • Bert van Rietbergen,
  • Graham R. Williams,
  • Tatjana Zekic,
  • Fernando Rivadeneira,
  • Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.720728
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12

Abstract

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A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research. This expert paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art technologies to investigate bone properties in humans and animals – including their strengths and weaknesses. New research methodologies are outlined and future strategies are discussed to combine phenotypic with rapidly developing –omics data in order to advance musculoskeletal research and move towards “personalised medicine”.

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